Rajkot is one of the largest cities in Gujarat. It was the capital of Saurashtra from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956, before it was merged into Bombay State.

Gujarati literature has a significant presence in Rajkot. The Rajkot Sahitya Sabha is an important literary institution that promotes Gujarati literature. The city is the birthplace of several notable Gujarati authors and has a tradition of hosting literary events and gatherings:

Gaurishankar Govardhanram Joshi: Often considered a pioneering figure in Gujarati literature, Dhumketu was a prolific writer credited with revolutionizing the Gujarati short story genre. He was born in 1892 in Virpur near Rajkot. His first short story collection, "Tankha," was published in 1926, and he wrote more than 20 volumes of short stories throughout his career. Dhumketu was also a poet, playwright, and essayist, leaving a significant mark on Gujarati literature.

Zaverchand Meghani: Born in Chotila near Rajkot, Meghani was a prominent poet, writer, social reformer, and freedom fighter. Known as a Rashtriya Shayar, he made substantial contributions to Gujarati literature with his folk songs, ballads, and other works. His profound love for Saurashtra and its people is reflected in his literature.

Sursinhji Gohil: Born into the royal family of Lathi state near Rajkot, Kalapi was a gifted poet known for his soulful ghazals. Although his life was short, his profound impact on Gujarati ghazal poetry continues to be celebrated.

Jhaverchand Meghani: A noted poet, writer, social reformer and freedom fighter. Meghani is a well-known name in Gujarati literature. He was born in 1896 to a family of cloth merchants in Chotila near Rajkot. He was given the title of Rashtriya Shayar by Mahatma Gandhi. Meghani's works were mainly based on the depiction of rural life and patriotic songs.

Rajkot is also known for its association with Mahatma Gandhi, who spent his early years in the city. The Gandhi Smriti in Rajkot is a place of great historical importance.